European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS)

Information from various sources about the European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS), answering basic questions including, what are they, who creates them, and why they are needed.

European Union (EU)

• Eurydice's National Trends in the Bologna Process provides an update on the introduction and implementation of ECTS in each signatory country.
• Resource from the European Union about the development of ECTS, which is a student-centered system based on the student workload required to achieve the objectives of a program, objectives preferably specified in terms of the learning outcomes and competences to be acquired.
• The ECTS/Diploma Supplement Users’ Guide is an essential resource about the proper use of ECTS and the Diploma Supplement. It includes answers to frequently asked questions and refers to a series of ECTS and DS Standard forms and Completed examples.

World Education Services (WES)

The January/February 2005 article in the World Education News & Reviews provides a practical guide to: Diploma Supplements, the European Credit Transfer System (ECTS), the European Network of Information Centers (ENIC), and National Academic Recognition and Information Centers (NARIC).