Program Development and Delivery

Located in Evanston, Illinois, Northwestern University is a private research university with 22,000 total students, approximately 4,000 of whom are international. Comprehensive internationalization at Northwestern is driven by the institution’s quest to foster a campus culture focused on addressing the world’s most pressing challenges. The university offers its students access to opportunities such as global internships and curricula built around the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals. It also supports interdisciplinary research focused on global issues such as climate change and social and economic inequality.

In 2021, Northwestern became the first university to serve as secretariat of the U7+ Alliance of World Universities, an international alliance of university presidents who have committed to taking steps to address the most pressing global challenges. The first U7+ gathering, held in Paris in the context of the 2019 G7 Summit, brought together university leaders to discuss a common agenda and establish a framework for collective action on global issues such as climate change and sustainability; peace and security; and artificial intelligence. Today, 50 presidents from universities in 18 countries have joined the alliance.

“We see universities as critical platforms for global engagement,” says Annelise Riles, executive director of the Roberta Buffett Institute for Global Affairs. “Universities are unique institutions in our societies, at the crossroads of global and local. They are deeply connected to their cities but also networked with one another and governments in this rich way. That means we have tremendous convening power.”

In its role as secretariat, Northwestern led the charge to bring almost 50 universities around the world on board with a set of commitments to peace and security. In the coming year, the U7+ aims to formalize its connection with the G7 as an official engagement group. Northwestern has also hosted virtual Worldwide Student Forums and Intergenerational Roundtables as part of this relationship in order to lower the barriers to engagement in discussion and debate on critical global challenges among students and scientists worldwide.

“Higher education is the only sector in society that's endowed with responsibility to think about the long term,” Riles says. “We are actors in global governance, and we have a responsibility and an opportunity to lead in that space.”

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Fostering Interdisciplinary Research, Teaching, and Learning

That’s an ethos that Northwestern embraces in its overall approach to comprehensive campus internationalization. Since 2015, when Northwestern was endowed with a $100 million gift from Northwestern alum Roberta Buffett Elliott, the university’s Buffett Institute has played a central role in the university’s efforts to expand its global presence. The institute oversees international student and scholar services; global safety and security; education abroad; and global research. Its mission is to promote interconnections between research, teaching, and learning; foster research that will solve global challenges; and prepare the next generation of global leaders, Riles says.

“We're imagining that our graduates are going to go out into the private sector, into NGOs [nongovernmental organizations], into the creative fields, into the tech fields, and they're going to be doing global governance in all those spaces,” she says. “We really want to prepare a much broader swath of students with the skills they need to lead in this multimodal world.”

One example of the unique global learning opportunities Northwestern provides to students is the Global Engagement Studies Institute (GESI), which has offered summer internships focused on international development since 2007. Students spend eight to 10 weeks abroad, live in a home stay, and complete a 30-hour per week internship at an NGO in Bolivia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Uganda, or Vietnam.

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Northwestern provides need-based financial assistance to students for tuition, travel, and living expenses thanks to funding from private donors. All GESI partner organizations also receive support from Northwestern in the form of seed grants to fund the projects that students work on during their internships. The Buffett Institute also provides need-based financial aid to some international students, who make up around one-fifth of Northwestern’s student body, which has helped increase the diversity of countries that international students come from. In addition, its virtual visitorship grants create an accessible opportunity for faculty from across the university to virtually host scholars who might not be able to travel to campus. 

During the COVID-19 pandemic, Northwestern adapted the GESI program to create a remote internship opportunity, Virtual Global Development in Action, which won the 2022 NAFSA Senator Paul Simon Spotlight Award. In its first year, 65 percent of virtual GESI participants were students of color, while 71 percent of students who studied abroad nationally were White.

Funding for virtual international engagement is also available through International Classroom Partnering Grants, which support faculty in establishing new relationships with international collaborators or strengthening existing ones. Ultimately, the aim is to create additional, regularly offered courses that will provide students with opportunities to build their global perspectives and intercultural competencies “at home.” Such courses could provide greater access to global learning for students lacking the financial means or the time in their programs to study abroad.

To ensure an interdisciplinary focus in its work and promote collaboration across the university, several Northwestern schools have established joint faculty appointments with the Buffett Institute. Additionally, the institute’s Global Learning Office appointed an associate director for curriculum and instruction, who also serves as a faculty member in the Anthropology Department. This position has resulted in a set of core learning outcomes for international program development and assessment that embeds ethical global engagement as an integral component of all global learning programs. The Buffett Institute also led Northwestern’s global strategic planning process in consultation with more than 200 faculty, staff, students, and alumni. The plan established the Global Council, a governance structure composed of senior leaders—representing each of Northwestern’s schools—who are charged with defining key priorities for globalization.

Law Professor Jim Speta oversaw the international portfolio of the Northwestern Pritzker School of Law for 13 years. When he first started, internationalization was done within each school at the university. The Buffett Institute and structures such as the Global Council and a faculty advisory committee have helped promote coordination and collaboration across the university. “The schools still have a lot of autonomy, but we’re much more connected as a university,” Speta says. “There are many programs which bring faculty and administrators from different schools together in ways that never happened before.”

Addressing Global Challenges Through the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals

The Northwestern Global Strategic Plan also integrates the 17 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs) into its overall approach to internationalization. In 2022, Northwestern launched a new tagging initiative that allows students to search for and enroll in courses related to the UN SDGs.

The Buffett Institute also promotes research that supports the SDGs through its annual Idea Incubation Process, which came out of the global strategic planning process. The goal is to encourage faculty to engage in interdisciplinary, transnational research aimed at addressing one or more of the SDGs. So far, the institute has provided up to $300,000 to each of 11 interdisciplinary global working groups dedicated to addressing global issues ranging from antibiotic resistance to disproportionate impacts of environmental challenges. In addition, the Buffett Institute offers Graduate Student Research Travel Awards for research focused on one or more of the SDGs.

“The UN SDGs have proven to be a useful framing device for the Buffett Institute, as they point both to the specific nature of the global challenges we all face and the way in which they are so thoroughly intertwined with one another,” says Baron Reed, deputy director of the institute. “In structuring our work in this way, our aim is to help researchers—as well as the rising generation of leaders, inside and outside of the academy—find the avenues that will allow their work to have the greatest impact in the service of humanity.”

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Located in Atlanta, Georgia, Georgia State University (GSU) is a public research university with more than 54,000 total students and over 3,000 international students. Since 2010, GSU has embedded its commitment to internationalization in multiple strategic plans. The university has demonstrated its promise to increase access to global opportunities for all students through robust programming that includes a free passport program, virtual exchanges, support for immigrant and refugee students, and data-driven international partnerships. Around a third of GSU’s total students are enrolled at Perimeter College, which offers more than 30 associate’s degree pathways as part of the university system.

Georgia State University celebrated a significant milestone in 2021: more than 1,200 GSU students received their very first passports, through a new free passport program. Even though COVID-19 had halted most global travel in 2020, staff in the university’s Office of International Initiatives (OII) wanted to find a way to maintain interest in experiences abroad and lay the groundwork for a robust rebound in study abroad participation after the pandemic. The OII partnered with the passport offices on its Atlanta and Clarkston, GA, campuses to launch the initiative in February 2021.

As a result, the number and diversity of Georgia State students with a valid U.S. passport significantly increased. Of the 1,381 students who had received a passport through the initiative, 80 percent self-identified as non-White or racially underrepresented.

“We wanted to be able to provide passports for students who may not have even thought about going abroad,” says Provost Nicolle Parsons-Pollard. “We wanted students to be prepared to travel when the country opened back up. Just knowing that that part is already done is the thing that gets you to really think about what these experiences could look like and to realize that they're for you too.”

Part of the success of the program — which is ongoing — was the fact that it was strategically connected to the study abroad office. In order to receive a free passport, students must attend an in-person or virtual Study Abroad 101 workshop. “It’s not just giving them a free passport. The program is designed to connect students to our office so they have an introduction to who can help and how,” says Farrah Bernardino, senior director of the OII. “We give them the knowledge and tools they need to set them up for success in pursuing an international experience.”

Bernardino says that the passport program is just one of many ways that Georgia State makes international opportunities available to more of its students, in turn increasing representation and access to global education. GSU has sent more Black and African American students abroad than any other public higher education institution in the country. Perimeter College, which has been part of the GSU system since 2016, also boasts a study abroad part icipation rate that is three times the average for two-year institutions.

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“Georgia State has made a name for itself in terms of student success and access, particularly in terms of limiting the achievement gap for students who are typically under-represented in college. And we do that as well with global education,” Bernardino says. “We've developed all of our global education programs with access in mind. That includes international student enrollment and admissions, our plan for international partnerships, affordable education abroad, and having a diverse portfolio of global education programming so that students who cannot study abroad also have other ways to experience global education opportunities.”

One way that GSU has demonstrated its commitment to increasing this access is its mandatory international education fee charged to all students, which has helped fund $1 million annually in study abroad scholarships. Another example is a recent focus on virtual exchanges . Through annual funding competitions, the university incentivizes faculty who incorporate virtual exchanges in their coursework. A dedicated virtual exchange coordinator and two faculty fellows within the OII helped accelerate the adoption of virtual exchanges. As a result, the number of students participating in virtual exchanges increased from 105 in fall 2019 to more than 1,300 in fall 2022.

GSU has also extended its commitment to increasing access to its international student population by offering them the opportunity to apply for need-based out-of-state tuition waivers in their final semester. Since 2019, 134 international students have received these waivers, helping them to graduate. These students represent all degree levels and programs, including associate’s degree programs at Perimeter College. Additionally, many newly admitted undergraduate international students are offered need-based out-of-state tuition waivers to help eliminate cost-prohibitive hurdles to enrollment.

Perimeter College also hosts the Mentoring Initiative for New Americans at its campus in Clarkston, which is a major federal refugee resettlement site. The program provides mentoring support to refugee and immigrant young adults interested in pursuing a college education. It matches students with new Americans to provide them with academic and social support. The lower tuition at Perimeter College also provides a more affordable option for international students from traditionally underrepresented international student groups and countries.

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Breaking Down Silos

Achieving increased representation and access has been possible in part due to GSU’s senior international officer (SIO) reporting directly to the provost, which has helped break down the silos at a large, decentralized research university. “This spirit of collaboration and a common commitment to student success allowed us to collaborate across these silos,” says Wolfgang Schlör, the former SIO and associate provost of international initiatives who retired in March 2023.

The SIO oversees the International Council, a formal, university-wide committee that consults and collaborates on global initiatives. “Our International Council, made up of representatives appointed by the deans of all 13 colleges and schools, has been key for building effective communication and collaboration for global initiatives across the university,” Bernardino says.

Since it consolidated with the GSU system in 2016, Perimeter College has functioned as one of Georgia State’s 13 colleges and schools. The dean of Perimeter College created a new associate dean of international initiatives and dedicated two staff members to education abroad and virtual exchanges. Similar international leadership positions exist in other colleges around campus.

Lauri Goodling is the associate dean of international initiatives at Perimeter. She said her position has helped Perimeter boost its international engagement. “Because we consolidated with Georgia State, we also have a lot of advantages that other community colleges don't have,” she says . “We have the support system to help get our students abroad."

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Assessing Global Competency

Georgia State’s focus on internationalization has grown over the last two decades. GSU’s 2010 strategic plan included “excellence in globalizing the university” as one of five strategic goals. Five years ago, the university built upon that goal to create a new strategic plan for the OII, which oversees education abroad, international partnerships, virtual exchange, and the Global Scholar Distinction initiative — a program that recognizes students who have taken five globally focused courses. The office also works closely with other units on campus, such as International Student and Scholar Services.

In 2019, the university adopted College to Career—a program focused on preparing students for the workforce—as its quality enhancement plan during the accreditation process. The plan included preparing students for the eight career-ready competencies identified by the National Association of Colleges and Employers. As a result, global programming content has been included in all freshman seminars at the university. “We were able to develop a module that was introduced in the freshman seminar that highlighted all of the different things students can do at Georgia State that strengthened their global and intercultural competency,” Schlör says.

The strategic focus on global competency has also informed the way in which Georgia State engages with partners abroad. Previously, the university had identified five countries to focus on for international outreach. That strategy provided mixed results, with political and economic developments in some countries making partnerships difficult to implement. Consequently, GSU switched to assessing existing partnerships based on criteria such as duration, multicollege engagement, and the types of activities involved. An international relations management system called PantherGLOBAL helps the university track all the different ways in which GSU faculty and programs are engaging in spe cific countries and regions of the world.

Kike Ehigiator, director of international partnerships and agreements, says that GSU uses the data it collects to assess whether particular programs and partnerships are successful. And success, she says, is often defined by how well those outcomes align with the university’s strategic goals.

In April 2023, Georgia State adopted a new strategic plan that will govern the next 10 years. Whereas internationalization was its own pillar in the previous strategic plan, it’s now integrated across the new plan’s four pillars: identity, placemaking, and belonging; innovating research, scholarship, and creative activity; student success 2.0; and beyond college to career. “We've evolved to a new stage where we see global as a key piece of the four strategic goals of our plan,” Bernardino says. “It's woven throughout.”

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East Carolina University (ECU) is a public research university with more than 27,000 total students located in Greenville, North Carolina. Under the guidance of its Office of Global Affairs (OGA), the university creates international opportunities through virtual exchange, internationalized curricula, and a year-round study abroad program in Italy. In addition, ECU has focused on creating a welcoming environment for its international students.

When Professor Linda Darty first started taking undergraduates to Certaldo Alto, Italy, in 2008, it was for a three-week summer program for art students. Today, she runs East Carolina University’s only year-round study abroad program, ECU Tuscany. More than 1,500 students have participated in the 15 years the program has been running, and students can take courses in a variety of disciplines.

In May 2023, Darty organized an end-of-semester exhibition showcasing the work the ECU students did during the spring. Students in a photography class had been given an assignment to take portraits of people in Certa ldo whom they didn’t know. The exhibition is the classes’ final chance to say goodbye to the community. “The whole town came,” Darty says.

The program allows students to immerse themselves in the daily life of the town, a medieval village with a population of around 150. It was also the home of Giovanni Boccaccio, a 14th-century Italian poet and scholar who was Dante’s biographer. Darty said that every other semester ECU Tuscany offers a class in Italian literature focused on Boccaccio — one of the many general education classes that ECU students can take. “I wanted to create a program that all students can take no matter what their major,” Darty says.

She said that the creation of ECU’s Office of Global Affairs (OGA) in 2017 has bolstered support for the program. Instead of having to coordinate across multiple offices on campus, she can work directly with the international office. “When OGA came, it really brought a new awareness of global studies to the whole university,” Darty says.

Supporting Internationalization

The OGA is home to education abroad, international student and scholar services, virtual exchange and global partnerships, and intensive English. The office coordinates with the 25-member Global Affairs Committee, which has representatives of every college at ECU and many other administrative units across campus. The committee, which also serves as an advisory board for the OGA, allows the office to notify colleagues of changes and programming that it's working on and learn about what different departments are doing. The key to creating a campus culture of internationalization has been communicating why internationalization matters, says Jon Rezek, the assistant vice chancellor for global affairs and leader of the OGA.

Jami Leibowitz, associate director for global affairs and director of global academic initiatives, says that Rezek’s leadership style is to engage everyone. “It’s not good enough to have your champions on campus — you need to spread your message mo re broadly... People know we’re here, what we’re doing, how we fit into what they’re doing, and why they should care about it. That’s something we’ve been working on a lot, so we can get more buy-in from our own ECU community.”

One way the OGA elevated the visibility of internationalization on campus was with the introduction of a university-wide international awards ceremony in 2017. This annual event, initiated and funded by the chancellor s and provost’s offices, recognizes staff who have contributed to a positive environment for international students or who have encouraged students to engage internationally. It also celebrates international students who have made positive contributions to the ECU or Greenville communities. This increased awareness and recognition helps to foster an inclusive celebration of campus internationalization.

Creating Opportunities for All

In addition to gaining exposure to global learning by participating in study abroad programs such as ECU Tuscany, students can do so on campus through virtual exchanges and curriculum internationalization facilitated by the Global Understanding International Virtual Exchange, for which ECU won the Simon Spotlight Award in 2016. All ECU students are also required to complete two 3-credit-hour diversity courses — one focused on global diversity and the other focused on domestic diversity.

Robin N. Coger, provost and senior vice chancellor for academic affairs, says, “At ECU we have put in a great deal of effort into ensuring that all of our students have access to international experiences through low-cost , cocurricular programs abroad, expanded study abroad scholarships, and international virtual exchange courses.”

Around 300 students participate in 12-15 Global Understanding courses each semester. The courses provide students with synchronous interaction with international partners, typic ally in three countries. The virtual exchange offerings help diversify the students who are participating in global learning activities and create opportunities for students who aren’t able to study abroad.

The virtual exchanges have also boosted student participation in other international education opportunities. ECU students who take a Global Understanding course are two times more likely to subsequently study abroad, Leibowitz said. And that number is even greater for students who are historically underrepresented in education abroad.

In 2022, ECU launched a new cohort-based program, called Global Fellows, for incoming first-year students who express an interest in global activities. The program includes guaranteed study abroad scholarships and targeted programming, such as specialized virtual exchange classes and first-year seminar classes, designed to build intercultural skills. Over the first two years, all of ECU's colleges that accept undergraduates have been represented in the program.

Bella Sardina completed her first year at ECU in spring 2023 and was a member of the inaugural Global Fellows cohort. “ECU is doing everything in their power to make sure that students are globally minded,” she says . “Even here in Greenville, you kind of get that feeling of what it'd be like to be abroad when just having a conversation with an international student.”
 

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Fostering a Welcoming Environment

According to Rezek, international student recruitment has been a major challenge for ECU as a regional campus without an internationally recognized brand. ECU currently has around 250 international students on a campus with a student body of 27,000. The university has faced the need to foster a more welcoming environment for international students and grow its visibility in international rankings.

“One of the reasons why we hadn't been as successful in recruiting is because we didn't have as much positive word of mouth,” Rezek says . “Recruitment occurs naturally if you support your students well.”

As a result, OGA staff articulated a different value proposition to attract international students. “We came up with ‘Academically supported. Professionally prepared. You belong at ECU,’” Rezek says .

As part of their efforts to grow recruitment and support international students, OGA staff created more student-centric programming, expanded international student orientation, paired international students with domestic students, hosted excursions to local and regional attractions, and initiated a weekly international coffee hour, among other activities. The campus writing center also offers specialized tutoring services and career preparation workshops for international students. In addition, there are professional development opportunities for faculty and staff to learn about how to better serve the international student population.

Faisal Abouelhassan is an international MBA student from Egypt and Qatar who also completed his undergraduate studies in finance and political science at ECU. “ECU really sheds light on diversity, whether it’s students from different backgrounds here in the United States, or also spotlighting international students,” he says . “They make sure that we're seen and heard, and whatever concerns we have are brought to the appropriate parties.”

Looking Ahead: New Focus on Intercultural Communication

For its next round of accreditation, ECU will be launching a five-year quality enhancement plan (QEP) focused on intercultural communication. The QEP will utilize the Intercultural Development Inventory to assess student development resulting from various interventions, including intercultural communication modules, student mobility, virtual exchange, and global diversity courses.

“We anticipate that the QEP will help support our faculty, staff, and students continue to strengthen our teaching and learning norms, research and creative activities, and community interactions in ways that help us to improve and transform ECU’s effectiveness in welcoming learners and colleagues from across the region, the state, the nation, and the world,” Coger says.

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